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天然林退化主要是指和原始林相比生物量和生态服务功能显著下降的天然林生态系统。当前,天然林退化已经成为全时间共同面临的生态环境问题。我国天然林面积占森林总量的比例从1962年的96%持续下降到2003年的66%,而到2008年则减少到61%。我国天然林主要分布西南林区、东北林区和西北林区等地,其中,西南四省的天然林也是长江上游的生态屏障。本文试图结合西南林区天然林资源现状,谈一谈天然林退化原因,并探讨关于天然林的恢复重建的若干策略。
Natural forest degradation mainly refers to the natural forest ecosystem whose biomass and ecological service function significantly decrease compared with the original forest. At present, the degradation of natural forests has become an ecological environment problem that is faced all the time. The proportion of China’s natural forest area to the total forest volume has continued to drop from 96% in 1962 to 66% in 2003, but decreased to 61% in 2008. The natural forests in our country are mainly distributed in the southwest forest area, the northeast forest area and the northwest forest area, among which the natural forests in the four southwestern provinces are also the ecological barriers in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. This paper attempts to combine with the status quo of natural forest resources in Southwest forest areas, talk about the reasons for the degradation of natural forests, and explore some strategies on the restoration and reconstruction of natural forests.