肾癌主要发生在中老年人,能获早期诊断者少见。典型症状是血尿(常是首发症状),肾区疼痛并可触及肿块。这些症状只有在实质性肿块较大或侵犯肾盂时才出现,由于病期晚,常提示预后不良。肾癌的诊断常常是在已经出现了转移才得出的。转移多数发生在治疗后的第一年内。肾癌转移的根治性治疗效果至今仍不令人满意。放射治疗可以延缓 Kidney cancer mainly occurs in the middle-aged and elderly people, and rare cases can be diagnosed early. Typical symptoms are hematuria (usually the first symptom), pain in the kidneys, and palpable masses. These symptoms only appear when there is a substantial mass or invasion of the renal pelvis. Because of the late stage of the disease, they often indicate a poor prognosis. The diagnosis of kidney cancer is often made when there has been a metastasis. The majority of metastases occurred within the first year after treatment. The radical curative effect of kidney cancer metastasis is still not satisfactory. Radiation therapy can be delayed