1铜制剂防治真菌病害的优点铜控制真菌病原的的能力决定于铜离子的真菌毒性作用。铜离子指可溶形式的铜,有单价(Cu~+)和二价(Cu~(2+)),它们均可杀死细菌,且对藻类、地衣、软体动物有抑制作用。正如所有化学物质一样,过量施用铜是有害的,但是它们既是植物必须的微量营养元素,也是动物所需的矿质营养成分。因此,铜制剂的安全限度比其它常用的农化物质的限度要大得多。铜离子作用于多种新陈代谢,因而作用谱广,几乎对所有的真菌病原和多种细菌有控制作用。正因为如此,铜制剂产品在过去的六十年内被广泛地使用,却没有病原抗性(非敏感性)的记录。实际上,铜制剂以其作用的广谱性加强了它们继续作为商业产品利用的地位,尽管它们 Advantages of Copper Agents for Controlling Fungal Diseases Copper’s ability to control fungal pathogens is determined by the mycotoxic activity of copper ions. Copper ions are soluble forms of copper, with monovalent (Cu ~ +) and divalent (Cu ~ (2+)), both of which kill bacteria and inhibit algae, lichens and molluscs. As with all chemicals, over-application of copper is detrimental, but they are both essential micronutrients for plants and the mineral nutrients that animals require. As a result, the safety margin for copper preparations is much greater than the limits of other commonly used agrochemicals. Copper ions act on a variety of metabolism, and thus the role of broad spectrum, almost all of the fungal pathogens and a variety of bacteria have a controlling role. Because of this, copper formulations have been widely used over the past sixty years without record of pathogenic resistance (non-sensitive). In fact, copper formulations reinforce their continued status as commercial products, despite their broad spectrum of roles, though they