进出口业同业公会是近代外贸体制的要素之一,其随着外贸体制的近代转型也有一个从商品分类向行业归口转变的过程,其与外贸体制中其他要素的互动构成对外贸易运作体系。上海市进出口商业同业公会为抗战胜利后创建。作为新兴的同业公会,在组织架构、管理人员专业化和组织性质方面都带有明显的近代特征。但战后初期,贸易自由,外汇放开,进口贸易畸形繁荣,进出口行商对公会并无多少实际需求,公会的功能淡化;后因国民政府实行外贸统制,贸易政策多变,进出口行商只能以公会为平台向政府抗争,公会的功能趋向单一化,未能有效实现其“中间组织”的功能。公会的功能变迁反映了近代外贸体制转型的困境。 The import and export trade association is one of the elements of the modern foreign trade system. With the modern transition of the foreign trade system, there is also a process of shifting from the commodity classification to the industry, and its interaction with other elements of the foreign trade system constitutes a foreign trade operation system. The Shanghai Import and Export Trade Association was founded after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. As an emerging trade association, it has obvious modern features in terms of organizational structure, professionalization of managers, and organizational nature. However, in the early postwar period, trade liberalization, foreign exchange liberalization, and import trade were abnormally prosperous. The import and export traders did not have much practical demand for the Association, and the function of the Association weakened; after the National Government implemented the foreign trade control system, the trade policy changed and the import and export traders only changed. The guild can be used as a platform to fight against the government. The function of the guild tends to be single and fails to effectively realize its “intermediate organization ” function. The functional changes of the guild reflect the dilemma of the transition of modern foreign trade system.