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无论对激进式改革还是对渐进式转轨 ,社会保障机制已被实践证明是改革的瓶颈。换句话说 ,能否稳妥地解决好社会保障问题已成为改革成败的关键。俄罗斯实行了低财力背景下的高福利制度 ,在改革市场和企业制度的同时保留并发展了完备的社会保障体系 ,充分考虑到工人、农民、国家公务员等社会各阶层的利益 ,为改革营造了一个相对稳定的社会环境。阿穆尔州与中国的黑河市毗邻 ,是俄罗斯的一个缩影 ,也与中国东北三省在产业结构具备共性。因此 ,该州的社会保障安排对中国重新认识经济效率 ,解决传统重工业地区低成本解决改革中的社会问题具备参考意义。本文认为 ,我国的纯微观层面改革所带来的收益要远远高于俄罗斯 ,相应的政府财力也更为雄厚 ,正确的成本分担和财政安排是可以取得更大效益的。因此 ,改革的思路是至关重要的。
The social security mechanism has been proved to be the bottleneck of reform both in radical reform and gradual transition. In other words, whether the social security issue can be properly solved has become the key to the success or failure of the reform. Russia has implemented a system of high benefits under a low financial background. It has retained and developed a complete system of social security while reforming its market and enterprise system. It has fully taken into account the interests of workers, peasants, civil servants and other sectors of society and created a A relatively stable social environment. Adjacent to Heihe in China, Amur is a microcosm of Russia and has commonalities with the three northeastern provinces of China in the industrial structure. Therefore, the state social security arrangements have reference value for China to re-understand economic efficiency and solve the low-cost traditional heavy industry reform social problems. This paper argues that the benefits brought about by the purely micro-level reform in our country are much higher than that of Russia, and the corresponding government financial resources are also more abundant. The correct cost sharing and financial arrangements can achieve greater benefits. Therefore, the idea of reform is of the utmost importance.