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采用地统计学和GIS相结合的方法,以2012年富锦市实地调查和采样数据为基础,分析了富锦市土壤表层(0-20cm)中有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)的空间分布情况。利用空间置换时间法,研究了不同开垦年限土壤养分含量的变化规律。结果表明,富锦市土壤养分含量均处于较高水平,变异程度均为中等变异,各土壤属性均符合对数正态分布。结构分析表明,4种土壤养分均具有中等程度的空间自相关性,受结构性因素和随机性因素的共同影响。克里格插值结果表明,富锦市土壤有机质和全氮呈现由南向北逐渐降低的趋势,有效磷含量由西向东逐渐增加,速效钾含量由西向东逐渐减少。在本研究的时间尺度内,有机质、全氮、有效磷的含量随着开垦年限的变化均呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。速效钾含量随着开垦年限的增加呈现出先增加后减小再增加的趋势,在开垦50年以上的地块,速效钾平均含量最高为202.44mg/kg。研究表明,富锦市土壤养分有明显的空间分布特征,部分土壤养分性状出现退化现象。掌握土壤养分的时空分布状况,对保证区域农业持续、稳定的发展有着重要的意义。
Based on the field survey and sampling data of Fujin city in 2012, the soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) in the soil surface of Fujin city were analyzed using the method of geostatistics and GIS. Phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK) spatial distribution. Using the method of time of space replacement, the variation of soil nutrient content in different reclamation years was studied. The results showed that the nutrient contents of soil in Fujin City were all at a high level, and the degree of variation was medium. All the soil properties were in accordance with logarithm normal distribution. Structural analysis showed that all the four kinds of soil nutrients had a moderate degree of spatial autocorrelation and were affected by both structural and random factors. Kriging interpolation results show that the soil organic matter and total nitrogen in Fujin city show a decreasing trend from south to north, the content of available phosphorus gradually increases from west to east, and the content of available potassium decreases gradually from west to east. In the time scale of this study, the content of organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus showed the trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the change of reclamation age. The content of available potassium increased with the increase of reclamation years, then increased and then decreased and then increased. The average content of available potassium was 202.44 mg / kg in the land reclaimed for more than 50 years. The results showed that there was obvious spatial distribution of soil nutrients in Fujin city and the degradation of some soil nutrients. Grasping the spatial and temporal distribution of soil nutrients is of great significance to ensure the sustained and stable development of agriculture in the region.