目的 :分析儿童屈光参差眼的眼球屈光结构与屈光不正的关系。方法 :对 30例屈光参差儿童的双眼进行了超声生物测定检查 ,同时进行角膜曲率测量和验光。结果 :发现双眼平均等效屈光度差和双眼屈光度最大径向差均与双眼眼轴长度差呈正相关 ,与双眼晶体厚度差呈负相关。结论 :眼轴长度差是产生双眼屈光参差的主要因素 ,这对这类病人的临床屈光矫正有指导意义。 Objective: To analyze the relationship between refractive error and refractive error in children with anisometropia. Methods: Thirty eyes of children with anisometropia were examined by sonography, corneal curvature measurement and optometry. Results: The average equivalent power difference of both eyes and the maximum radial difference of both eyes were found to be positively correlated with the axial length difference of both eyes and negatively correlated with the difference of the two eyes’ crystal thickness. Conclusion: The axial length difference is the main factor that causes the anisometropia of both eyes, which is instructive for clinical refractive correction in these patients.