周围神经种子细胞在周围神经损伤后修复过程中起到了重要的作用。常见的种子细胞有雪旺细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞和神经干细胞等。雪旺细胞是周围神经系统特有的胶质细胞,其出现在周围神经系统,形成髓鞘以将周围神经系统的神经元所伸出的轴突进行绝缘包裹,使得神经讯号的传导速度得以加速,其在维持周围神经功能及周围神经损伤后再生的过程中发挥重要的作用;骨髓间充质干细胞是一类主要存在于全身结缔组织和器官间质中的干细胞,具有旺盛的增殖和多向分化的潜能,是目前研究比较多的功能干细胞;神经干细胞是一种具有多向分化潜能的细胞,能自我更新,并通过不对称分裂产生和分化神经元、星型胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。本文就此三类细胞的相关研究进行探讨。 Peripheral neuron seed cells play an important role in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. Common seed cells Schwann cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells. Schwann cells are specialized glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, which appear in the peripheral nervous system, the formation of myelin to the neurons of the peripheral nervous system extending axons insulated package so that the nerve signal transmission speed can be accelerated, It plays an important role in the maintenance of peripheral nerve function and the regeneration of peripheral nerve injury. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are a kind of stem cells that mainly exist in the connective tissue and organ interstitial of whole body and have strong proliferation and multi-directional differentiation Of the potential, is currently more studied functional stem cells; neural stem cells is a multi-directional differentiation potential of cells that can self-renewal, and through the asymmetric division of the generation and differentiation of neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes cell. This article discusses the related research of these three types of cells.