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在立法上,平等就业权允许立法者对公民进行合理的差别对待,但对合理性的认定则是一个充满价值判断的问题。对此,运用规范分析的方法是较为有效的解决途径。在最低限度的理解上,平等原则要求立法者“相同情况同等对待,不同情况差别对待”。这一公式不仅能清楚地区分不同类型的就业歧视,而且给立法者进行差别对待加载了“有充分理由”的论证任务。其中,“合理的理由”可以从我国现有的宪法规范以及特定职业的性质两个方面寻求,而对“理由充分性”的论证则可以在明确立法归类的基本构成要素的基础上,转化为归类与立法目的之间关联性的判断。
In legislation, equal employment rights allow lawmakers to make reasonable discriminations against citizens. However, the recognition of rationality is a question full of value judgments. In this regard, the use of normative analysis is a more effective solution. At a minimum, the principle of equality requires that lawmakers “treat the same situation equally and deal differently with different situations.” This formula not only clearly distinguishes between different types of employment discrimination, but also differentiates the legislators by loading “justified” arguments. Among them, “reasonable reasons” can be sought from the two aspects of the existing constitutional norms and the specific occupations in our country, while the argument of “adequacy of reasons” can be found clearly in the basic constitutional elements Based on the classification into the legislative purpose and the relevance of the judgment.