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从乌托邦到反乌托邦的过程是人类理想幻灭的过程,它是20世纪的沉重教训之一。乌托邦的这种反向转变既是其自反性的表现,也是人类“理性之恶”的逻辑延展。“理性之恶”源于理性的滥用或失控。在20世纪,理性通过技术来控制人类,取消人类文化的灵性而使之彻底地外在化、物质化;它借科学的名义来辖制与监管人类生活而使之科层化(或者官僚化)甚至催生出极权政治。因此,对“理性之恶”及其伴生的“反乌托邦”思想进行思考便成了现代知识生活的基本议题,也成为20世纪文学艺术的重要主题。
The process from the utopia to the dystopia is a process of disillusionment of mankind and one of the great lessons of the twentieth century. This reverse shift in utopia is both a manifestation of its reflexivity and a logical extension of humanity’s “evil of reason.” “Evil of reason ” from rational abuse or out of control. In the 20th century, rational control of humankind through technology, the abolition of the spirituality of human culture to make it completely externalized and materialized; it in the name of science to control and regulate human life and make it bureaucratic (or bureaucratic) Even gave birth to totalitarian politics. Therefore, thinking of the “evil of reason” and its accompanying “dystopian” thinking has become the basic topic of modern knowledge life and has also become an important theme of the 20th century literature and art.