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考察了管理方法的演变并建议进行集成管理系统的研究和设计。第一部分讨论了各种管理方法的繁衍并强调了将行之有效的方法组合在一起以适应特殊环境的重要性。第二部分介绍了一种用以研究管理方法的组织原则 :管理的机械模型通过生物模型到社会模型的演变。还描绘了一些变革和复杂性的压力 ,这些压力推动和支持管理模型的演变。第三部分讨论了全面质量管理 (TQM)是迄今为止支持组织从机械和生物模型转变为社会模型的最全面的系统 ,尽管它也有不足。第四部分讨论了与实施集成管理系统相关的一些问题 ,特别是人类行为问题。实施必须分步进行 ,以让人们看到采用新方法的效果。第五部分讲述了管理质量中心在集成管理系统方面所作的努力 ,以及与其他尝试不同管理系统设计的人员合作的兴趣。
Inspected the evolution of management methods and proposed the research and design of integrated management systems. The first part discusses the proliferation of various management methods and emphasizes the importance of combining effective methods with a particular environment. The second part introduces an organizational principle for studying management methods: the evolution of a managed mechanical model from a biological model to a social model. It also depicts some of the pressures of change and complexity that drive and support the evolution of management models. The third section discusses total quality management (TQM) as the most comprehensive system that has so far supported the organization’s transformation from a mechanical and biological model to a social model, although it has its drawbacks. The fourth part discusses some issues related to the implementation of integrated management systems, especially human behavior issues. Implementation must be carried out step by step to allow people to see the effect of adopting new methods. The fifth section describes the efforts made by the Management Quality Center in the area of integrated management systems and the interest in working with others who are trying different management system designs.