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【目的】探讨新生儿局限骨化性肌炎的临床特点、诊断、治疗及预后，以提高对本病的认识。【方法】回顾性分析1例新生儿局限性骨化性肌炎患儿临床资料并对相关文献进行复习。【结果】患儿未采取任何治疗措施自愈，随访后亦无复发。【结论】本病是自限性疾病，但早期病变易与软组织感染、脓肿、骨髓炎或者恶性肿瘤等混淆，由于早中期影像学检查也多无特异性，诊断困难；局部无痛性红热肿块而无全身发热的特点，可能有助获得临床诊断并进一步随访确定诊断，但本病需要定期随访观察，骨块可自限、自动缩小、甚至消失，预后良好。“,”Objective] To explore the clinical features ,diagnosis ,treatment and prognosis of myositis ossifi‐cans circumscripta in neonatal stage .[Methods] The clinical data of 7 children of myositis ossificans circumscripta were retrospectively analyzed .[Results] The keywords of “myositis ossificans” and “children” were searched in Medline and “myositis ,ossificans ;children ;radiation photography” in VIP and CNKI databases .And 570 articles in English and 337 in Chinese literature conforming to the neonatal period (28 days after birth) in the diagnosis of myositis ossificans “limitations” were retrieved .[Conclusion] As a self‐limiting disease ,myositis ossificans cir‐cumscripta is often confused with other soft tissue conditions ,such as abscess ,osteomyelitis or tumor at early stage .Clinical presentations may help to reach a definite diagnosis .Local painless mass without systemic fever should raise an alert .During follow‐ups ,shrinkage or even disappearance may occur .And the prognosis is good .