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现代性描述的是现代生活和传统生活的差异,这一差异体现为现代生活的世俗化和理性化。在法律生活领域,世俗化会导致法律体系的价值多元主义和相对主义,理性化会导致法律生活的规范主义和实证主义。现代性对法律生活的影响呈现为正负两方面,一方面保卫了个人的自由权利和自主生活,另一方面则导致价值上的诸神之争和精神生活的贫乏。卡尔·施米特针对世俗化重提政治神学以强调有德性的自由主义,针对理性化重提法律的决断论思维以应对理性无法预知的生活危机。以此,借助施米特的遗产为人们反思法律现代性的和自由主义民主制的问题提供有益的启示,它可以完善人们对现代性的法律和民主制度的片面认识。
Modernity describes the difference between modern life and traditional life, a difference reflected in the secularization and rationalization of modern life. In the field of legal life, secularization will lead to the value of the legal system of pluralism and relativism, rationalization will lead to legal norms and positivism. The impact of modernity on legal life is presented in both positive and negative directions. On the one hand, the individual’s right to freedom and independence are protected. On the other hand, the value struggle between gods and spiritual life is poor. Karl Schmitt focuses on secularization of political theology to emphasize the ethical liberalism, and rethinks the law’s resolute thinking in response to the rational and unpredictable crisis of life. Thus, using Schmitt’s legacy provides useful inspiration for people to reflect on legal modernity and liberal democracy, and it can improve people’s one-sided understanding of the law and democracy of modernity.