河西走廊地处我国西北干旱区,绿洲灌溉农业历史悠久,素称发达,本文分四个阶段概述其发生、发展的历史过程。原始社会时期,河西新石器农业遗存丰富,种植业已有稳定基础,至先秦时代原始游牧业又有长足发展;汉晋时期,河西农业全面开发,移民戍兵大力浚渠屯垦,内地旱作技术广泛推行于绿洲农区,奠定了传统农业根基。“五凉”政权至西夏统治千余年,河西或为割据或归中央,政局统分无常,农牧交替迭移,兴衰不定,唯在隋唐盛世河西农业再度复兴而达于历史颠峰。元明清时期,西北“丝绸之路”渐失往昔繁荣,农业逐步恢复,缓慢发展,至清前期复见殷实富庶之象。 Hexi Corridor is located in the arid region of northwestern China. The oasis irrigated agriculture has a long history and is well-known as a developed country. This article summarizes the historical process of its occurrence and development in four phases. During the primitive society, Hexi Neolithic agriculture remains rich and the planting industry has a stable foundation. By the Qin and Jin dynasties, the primitive nomadic industry developed by leaps and bounds. During the Han and Jin Dynasties, the agricultural development of Hexi was developed in an all-round way. Implemented in oasis agricultural areas, laid the foundation of traditional agriculture. “Five cool” regime to rule more than a thousand years in Western Xia, Hexi either for the secession or the Central Government, the political situation is indistinguishable, farming and pastoral alternately staggered, volatile, only in the prosperity of the Hexi and Tang Dynasty Hexi agriculture once again reached its peak in history. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the “Silk Road” in the northwest lapsed from the past to the present with the gradual recovery of agriculture and the gradual development of the Silk Road.