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相比于变压吸附和深冷分离法,膜分离技术由于能耗低、简单易行等特点,在氢气分离提纯中的应用具有优势。目前工业上分离提纯氢气应用最多的是致密金属膜,尤其是钯及其合金膜。但是钯是贵金属,成本非常高,限制了钯基膜的大规模应用。因此目前非钯基致密金属膜在氢气分离提纯中的应用受到广泛的的关注,成为研究热点。本文综述了金属膜分离氢气机理,非钯基金属膜的材料成分及其发展现状,并指出目前开发膜材料存在的一些亟待解决的问题。
Compared with pressure swing adsorption and cryogenic separation, membrane separation technology has advantages in hydrogen separation and purification due to its low energy consumption and simple and easy-to-use characteristics. At present, the most widely used industrial separation and purification of hydrogen is a dense metal film, especially palladium and its alloy film. However, palladium is a precious metal and its cost is very high, limiting the large-scale application of palladium-based membranes. Therefore, at present, the application of non-palladium-based dense metal film in hydrogen separation and purification has attracted widespread attention and has become a research hotspot. In this paper, the mechanism of hydrogen separation of metal films, the composition of non-palladium metal films and their development are reviewed. Some problems to be solved are also pointed out.