,Visible and near-infrared optical properties of Nd:CLNGG crystal waveguides formed by proton implan

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A Nd:CLNGG waveguide structure operated at wavelengths of both 632.8 nm and 1539 nm was demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge,which was produced by the 480-keV H+ ion implantation with a dose of 1.0× 1017 protons/cm2.Its propagating modes at 632.8 nm and 1539 nm were measured by the well-known prism coupling technique.The refractive index profile at either 632.8-nm wavelength or 1539-nm wavelength was optical barrier type in the proton-implanted Nd:CLNGG crystal optical waveguide,which was calculated by using the reflectivity calculation method.The near-field light intensity distributions were also simulated by the finite-difference beam propagation method in the visible and nearinfrared bands.
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