从20世纪70年代以来,自然垄断产业的民营化改革在世界范围内展开,对发达国家和发展中国家的经济带来了深刻影响。民营化改革是深化我国自然垄断产业政府管制体制改革的必然选择。本文主要从技术进步、产权、委托代理、交易成本和竞争几个角度讨论自然垄断产业民营化改革的现实依据和理论依据,并在此基础上提出自然垄断产业改革的目标是为了有效地促进竞争,提高市场运行的效率。 Since the 1970s, the privatization of natural monopoly industries has been carried out in the world, which has profoundly affected the economies of both developed and developing countries. Privatization reform is the inevitable choice to deepen the reform of the government regulatory system of natural monopoly industries in China. This article mainly discusses the realistic basis and theoretical basis of privatization reform of natural monopoly industries from several aspects such as technological progress, property rights, principal-agent, transaction costs and competition. Based on this, it is proposed that the goal of the reform of natural monopoly industries is to effectively promote competition , Improve the efficiency of market operation.