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身为“耶鲁学派”批评家之一的杰弗里·哈特曼,早期以华兹华斯诗歌研究确立了自己在文学批评界的地位。在20世纪五六十年代抵制新批评的形式主义危机、复兴浪漫主义研究的热潮中,哈特曼本着结合欧陆哲学批评与英美批评的宗旨,首先从胡塞尔现象学中的纯粹意识、意向性、本质直观等相关概念,分析了华诗中由纯粹再现所体现出来的自然和意识的关系问题;之后,哈特曼又从黑格尔精神现象学中意识的辩证运动观念出发,较为全面地剖析了华诗中自然、意识和想像三者之间的辩证关系。从对华诗的现象学阐释中,哈特曼揭示了华兹华斯独特的自然和想像观,即自然和想像在意识的辩证运动中都超越了自己的原初存在,且自然和想像的统一超越了原初的自在性而成为自为的融合。
Geoffrey Hartman, one of the critics of “Yale School”, established his position in literary criticism with Wordsworth’s early poetry research. In the upsurge of the formalism crisis and the revival of romanticism which boycott the new criticism in the 1950s and 60s, Hartmann combined the purposes of European philosophy criticism and Anglo-American criticism. From the pure consciousness of Husserl’s phenomenology, Intentionality and intuition of nature, analyzes the relationship between the nature and the consciousness embodied in the pure rendition of Chinese poetry. Later, Hartmann starts from the concept of the dialectical movement of consciousness in Hegel’s spiritual phenomenology A comprehensive analysis of the nature of Chinese poetry, consciousness and imagination between the three dialectical relations. From the phenomenological interpretation of the poem to China, Hartmann reveals Wordsworth’s unique view of nature and imagination that nature and imagination surpass their original existence in the dialectical movement of consciousness, and the unification of nature and imagination Beyond the original ease and become self-integration.