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人类白细胞抗原G属于非经典的人类白细胞抗原Ⅰ类分子,有特殊的分子结构和遗传学特性,特异性地表达在绒毛外滋养细胞层,受白细胞介素10、干扰素β等因子的调节。通过抑制自然杀伤细胞的杀伤活性,诱导T细胞免疫偏离,提高细胞毒性T细胞的敏感性,诱导胎盘绒毛膜组织表达HLA-E分子,抑制抗原提呈细胞成熟等途径诱导和维持母亲对胎儿的免疫耐受。与不明原因不孕、反复自然流产、妊娠期高血压、胎儿宫内发育迟缓等疾病密切相关。本文就人类白细胞抗原G的生物学特性及其诱导母胎免疫耐受的机制予以综述。
Human leukocyte antigen G is a non-classical class Ⅰ human leukocyte antigen, has special molecular structure and genetic characteristics, is specifically expressed in the extravillous trophoblast layer, regulated by interleukin-10 and interferon-β. By inhibiting the killing activity of natural killer cells, inducing T cell immune deviation, increasing the sensitivity of cytotoxic T cells, inducing the expression of HLA-E molecules in placental chorionic tissue and inhibiting the maturation of antigen presenting cells, etc., the induction and maintenance of maternal to fetal Immune tolerance. And unexplained infertility, recurrent spontaneous abortion, gestational hypertension, intrauterine growth retardation and other diseases are closely related. This review summarizes the biological characteristics of human leukocyte antigen G and the mechanism of its immunotolerance induction.