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膀胱癌在我国泌尿生殖系肿瘤中位居第一 ,且发病率呈上升趋势。尿液分析、膀胱镜和尿细胞学检查是目前诊断和监测膀胱癌的传统方法 ,但都有局限性。膀胱癌生物学标记因其无创、简单和敏感性等特点可用于膀胱癌尤其是膀胱移行细胞癌的早期诊断、监测以及预后评估 ,并且很有可能取代传统的方法。本文综述了具有较高预后价值的膀胱癌生物学标记 ,并重点介绍其基本原理和技术特点。
Bladder cancer ranks first in China’s genitourinary tumors, and the incidence is on the rise. Urinalysis, cystoscopy and urinary cytology are the traditional methods of diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer, but all have limitations. Because of its noninvasive, simple and sensitive features, bladder cancer biomarkers can be used for the early diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis evaluation of bladder cancer especially bladder transitional cell carcinoma, and it is likely to replace the traditional methods. This article summarizes the biological markers of bladder cancer with high prognostic value, and focuses on its basic principles and technical features.