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作为一种资本,中间投入在生产过程中有着不可忽略的重要作用.中间投入系数大小则反映了一个国家的经济增长方式类型.目前主流经济增长理论仅仅考虑增加值生产函数,而非总产出生产函数,因此忽视了中间投入在生产过程,乃至评价经济效率中的作用.本文从统计特征,基本模型和实证检验基本范式研究了主题.从统计特征角度,中国的中间投入系数明显高于美日等发达国家,单位GDP能耗远高于世界平均水平,显示出了中国粗放型增长的特征.在基本模型上,本文通过理论推导、数值模拟得出结论:一国的经济增长方式主要与中间投入替代弹性、增加值率、技术水平等参数有关.具体表现在:首先,中间投入与最初投入之间的关联性表现为替代关系而非互补关系;其次,经济增长速度呈现出与中间投入替代弹性大小反向关系,中间投入替代弹性越大经济增长速度越慢,反之亦然;最后,均衡人均产出水平呈现出随着增加值率的增大先增大后减小的倒U形态,换言之,一国在其他条件不变的情况下,存在一个最优的增加值率.在实证分析上,本文通过对中国、美国、日本、巴西四国的实证检验发现,一方面,不同发展阶段的国家的中间投入的替代弹性不同,且各自具有一定的独立性,美日等发达国家的替代弹性明显高于中国和巴西等发展中国家;另一方面,各国的实际增加值率与最优增加值率之间存在着偏差,且发达国家的偏差要小于发展中国家,中国和巴西存在的偏差要远大于发达的美国和日本.
As a kind of capital, the intermediate investment plays an important role in the production process. The intermediate investment coefficient reflects the type of economic growth mode in a country. At present, the mainstream economic growth theory only considers the value added production function, not the total output Therefore, it neglects the role of intermediate input in the production process and even the evaluation of economic efficiency.This paper studies the theme from the statistical characteristics, the basic model and the empirical paradigm.From the statistical characteristics, China’s intermediate input coefficient is significantly higher than the United States Japan and other developed countries, unit GDP energy consumption is much higher than the world average, showing the characteristics of China’s extensive growth in the basic model, the theoretical derivation, numerical simulation concluded that: a country’s economic growth mainly and The middle of the input elasticity of substitution, value-added rate, technical level and other parameters related to the specific performance: First of all, the relationship between the intermediate input and the initial investment performance as an alternative rather than complementary relationship; Second, the rate of economic growth and the intermediate input Replacing the inverse relationship between the size of elasticity, the greater the elasticity of input into the economy, the slower the economic growth, Finally, the equilibrium output per capita shows an inverted U shape that first increases and then decreases with increasing value-added rate. In other words, under the condition of the same condition in any other country, there exists an optimal Value-added rate.In the empirical analysis, this paper, through empirical tests of China, the United States, Japan and Brazil, found that on the one hand, countries with different stages of development have different elasticity of substitution and each has certain independence. Japan and other developed countries have significantly higher elasticity of substitution than other developing countries such as China and Brazil. On the other hand, there is a discrepancy between the actual value-added rate and the optimal value-added rate in various countries, and the deviation in developed countries is smaller than that in developing countries The discrepancy between China and Brazil is far greater than that of the developed United States and Japan.