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近年发现的抑癌基因PTEN的结构中存在着2个主要的结构功能域,即N-端功能区和-C端结构域。其具有双特异性脂酶性质,在多种进展期肿瘤组织中存在着不同程度的突变与丢失。PTEN通过复杂的信号转导网络(如PI3K/AKT信号通路、FAK和MAPK信号通路、P53/PTEN/Mdm2信号网络等)来抑制细胞周期、干预细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤的侵袭和转移、抑制肿瘤血管形成等。PTEN的突变与丢失可导致其抑癌功能减弱甚至丧失,与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。
In recent years, there are two main structural domains in the structure of tumor suppressor PTEN, namely N-terminal domain and C-terminal domain. It has the characteristics of bispecific lipase, in a variety of advanced cancer tissues there are varying degrees of mutation and loss. PTEN can inhibit cell cycle through complex signal transduction network (such as PI3K / AKT signal pathway, FAK and MAPK signal pathway, P53 / PTEN / Mdm2 signal network, etc.), interfere with cell apoptosis, inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis, inhibit tumor Angiogenesis and so on. The mutation and loss of PTEN can lead to the decrease or even loss of its tumor suppressor function, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors.