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目前世界上绝大多数核电站采用热中子反应堆(简称热堆),只利用铀资源能量的1～2%,余下占98～99%的袖—238作为废料堆积起来。据统计全世界铀的工业储量只有200多万吨,只够热电堆发电几十年。但是,如果能把闲置的铀—238也利用起来,则核燃料的数量便会一下子扩大很多陪。经过科学家们的努力,这一愿望终于得以实现,这就是快中子增殖反应堆。快堆因其直接利用快速飞行的中子,维持链式裂变反应而得名。只要在开始投入一定量的足以引起链式反应的铀钚混合燃料,使这种反应堆启动,在燃烧的同时大量无用的铀—238吸收中子后,成为铀—239。因新核处在高能状态下,它会自动地把多余的能量以β射线(电子流)的形式释放出来,经二次释放后变成钚—239。一般快堆每消耗掉一个钚—239原子,可以换得一个以上的新钚—239原子。从这个意义上讲,核燃料就会越“烧”越多。因此,快堆又称为增殖
At present, most nuclear power plants in the world use thermal neutron reactors (thermal reactors), and only 1-2% of the energy of uranium resources is used. The remaining sleeves, which account for 98-99%, are piled up as waste. According to statistics, the industrial reserves of uranium in the world are only more than 2 million tons, which is only enough for thermoelectric reactors to generate electricity for several decades. However, if idle uranium-238 can also be used, the amount of nuclear fuel will suddenly expand to accompany it. Thanks to the efforts of scientists, this desire has finally come true. This is the fast breeder reactor. The fast reactor is named because it directly utilizes fast-flying neutrons to maintain the chain-fissile response. As long as a certain amount of uranium-plutonium mixed fuel sufficient to cause the chain reaction is started, the reactor is started and, after burning, a large amount of useless uranium-238 absorbs neutrons and becomes uranium-239. Because the new nucleus is in a state of high energy, it will automatically release excess energy in the form of beta rays (electron currents) and become 钚-239 after secondary release. For each fast-stack reactor that consumes one 钚-239 atom, one or more new 钚-239 atoms can be exchanged. In this sense, the more “burnt” the nuclear fuel will be. Therefore, the fast reactor is also called proliferation.