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研究了西北旱寒区大田条件下不同种植密度对冬油菜越冬率、产量及其构成因素、结角层结构、含油率等的影响。结果表明,群体密度在120万株/hm2~60万株/hm2,越冬率可达到80%以上。产量随种植密度增大而降低,60万株/hm2、90万株/hm2、120万株/hm2、150万株/hm2的产量分别为3 160.05 kg/hm2、3060.00 kg/hm2、2 860.05 kg/hm2、2 431.05 kg/hm2。随着密度的增加,分枝部位增高,单株总分枝数减少,其中二次分枝减少大于一次分枝,主花序长度减少,角长、千粒重、单株产量等均降低。含油率也随种植密度增大而降低,60万株/hm2、90万株/hm2、120万株/hm2、150万株/hm2的含油率分别为43.12%、41.91%、41.93、38.9%,以60万株/hm2含油率最高,达到43.12%。在西北旱寒区,冬油菜合理的群体密度为60万株/hm2~90万株/hm2。
The effects of different planting densities on overwintering rate, yield, its components, knot structure and oil content of winter rape under field conditions were studied. The results showed that the density of population was between 1.2 million plants / hm2 and 600000 plants / hm2, and the overwintering rate could reach more than 80%. The yield decreased with the increase of planting density. The yield of 600000 plants / hm2, 90000 plants / hm2, 1120000 plants / hm2, 1500000 plants / hm2 were 3 160.05 kg / hm2, 3060.00 kg / hm2, 2860.05 kg / hm2,2 431.05 kg / hm2. With the increase of density, the branches increased and the total number of branches decreased. The secondary branches decreased more than one branch, the length of main inflorescence decreased, the length of the horn, the weight of 1000-grain and the yield per plant decreased. Oil content also decreased with increasing planting density. The oil content of 600000 plants / hm2, 90000 plants / hm2, 1200000 plants / hm2, 1500000 plants / hm2 were 43.12%, 41.91%, 41.93, 38.9% With 60 million / hm2 oil content of the highest, reaching 43.12%. In northwestern drought area, the reasonable population density of winter rape is 600,000 plants / hm2 ~ 900,000 plants / hm2.