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目的探讨拟输血患者血型不规则抗体的检出及分布情况,以指导临床合理安全用血。方法应用盐水法、抗人球蛋白法和微柱凝胶技术对58 565例拟输血住院及急诊患者进行血型不规则抗体检测,对阳性结果进一步采用谱细胞进行抗体特异性鉴定。结果共检出不规则抗体阳性351例,检出率为0.60%(351/58 565)。鉴定出特异性抗体282例,检出率为0.48%(282/58 565);自身抗体36例,检出率为0.06%(36/58 565);无法鉴定抗体特异性共33例,占0.06%(33/58 565)。不同性别患者不规则抗体的检出率比较:女性患者222例,阳性率为0.73%(222/30 582)显著高于男性患者129例,阳性率为0.46%(129/27 983)。结论拟输血患者有必要进行不规则抗体筛查和特异性鉴定,避免免疫性输血反应的发生。
Objective To investigate the detection and distribution of irregular blood group antibodies in patients with transfusion to guide the rational and safe use of blood in clinical practice. Methods A total of 58 565 cases of hospitalized and emergency patients were enrolled in this study. The blood samples were analyzed by saline method, anti-human globulin method and micro-column gel technique, and the antibody-specific identification of the positive results was carried out by using spectral cells. Results A total of 351 positive cases of irregular antibodies were detected, the detection rate was 0.60% (351/58 565). 282 cases were identified as specific antibodies (282/58 565), 36 cases were autoantibodies with the detection rate of 0.06% (36/58 565). No specific antibodies were identified in 33 cases (0.06%) % (33/58 565). The detection rate of irregular antibodies in different sexes was compared among 222 female patients, the positive rate was 0.73% (222/30 582), which was significantly higher than that of male patients (129%). The positive rate was 0.46% (129/27 983). Conclusion It is necessary to carry out screening and specific identification of irregular antibodies in patients undergoing transfusion to avoid the occurrence of immune transfusion reactions.