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关于唐代科举考试中“四科”的问题,由于史籍记载较为混乱,往往引起学界对其误解,以至《玉海》《新唐书》等史籍将“四科”误作四次登科,学术界很少有人注意这一问题。本文拟围绕“四科”的起源和含义,进行梳理和探讨,并对汉唐选才标准的“四科”的概念进行考察。“四科”之名由来已久,汉武帝元光元年(公元前134年),始令郡国举孝廉,按照本郡人口的不同,每郡各举一至三人,荐举的标准就是“四科”。
As for the question of “four subjects” in the examination of the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty, the historical records are often confused and often cause misunderstandings in the academic circles. As a result, historical records such as “Yuhai” and “New Tang Shu” mislead the “four subjects” into four Sub-Deng Branch, few scholars pay attention to this issue. This article will focus on the origin and meaning of “four subjects”, combing and discussing, and examining the concept of “four subjects” in the selection of talents in the Han and Tang Dynasties. “Four subjects ” has a long history, the Han Emperor Wuyuan the first year (134 BC), the county government started Xiaolian, according to the county’s population is different, each county from one to three, each recommended The standard is “four subjects ”.