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目的了解云南省玉龙鼠疫疫源地媒介蚤类的群落结构、物种多样性特征及与鼠疫流行的关系。方法根据玉龙鼠疫疫源地的地理和植被分布特征,将该疫源地划分为4个不同梯度垂直带和两种生境(林地和耕地),于2015年3-12月,每季度利用夹夜法捕获小兽,并采集其体表寄生蚤,运用群落生态学指标对媒介蚤沿环境梯度的空间分布格局进行分析。结果共捕获小兽4目6科12属22种1 575只,检获体表寄生蚤3科8属12种1 031匹。其中,蚤类优势种为特新蚤指名亚种、方叶栉眼蚤和棕形额蚤指名亚种,占检获蚤类总数的86.13%。在Ⅳ垂直带蚤类物种丰富度和捕获数较高,为10种639匹,超过Ⅰ~Ⅲ垂直带捕获蚤总数。疫源地蚤类物种丰富度和数量的分布呈随海拔增加逐步增加的趋势,而多样性指数总体呈现随海拔增加先升高后降低的分布格局。结论玉龙鼠疫疫源地第Ⅳ垂直带表现为蚤类物种多样性和均匀度指数较低、优势度较高、总蚤指数最高和疫点分布较为集中等特征,表明该地为疫源地的核心区,应作为鼠疫监测和防治工作的重点区域。
Objective To understand the community structure, species diversity of fleas in Yulongtu Epidemic in Yunnan Province and its relationship with the outbreak of plague. Methods According to the geographical and vegetation distribution characteristics of Yulong plague foci, the foci were divided into four different vertical gradient belts and two habitats (forest land and cultivated land). From March to December 2015, Method was used to capture the small mammals and collect the parasitic fleas on their surface. The community distribution of environmental fleas along the environmental gradients was analyzed using community ecology. Results A total of 1 575 22 species of 4 genera, 6 families and 12 genera of 4 small mammals were captured. There were 1031 species of 12 species belonging to 8 genera and 3 genera in body surface. Among them, the predatory species of fleas were named subspecies of the new flea, square-leaf-faced flea and brown-headed flea named subspecies, accounting for 86.13% of the total number of fleas seized. The abundance and number of fleas caught in the vertical zone IV were 1039 species, which exceeded the total number of captured fleas in vertical zones I ~ III. The distribution of abundance and abundance of fleas species in the foci showed a gradual increase trend with the increase of altitude, while the diversity index showed an overall distribution that increased first and then decreased with elevation. Conclusion The Ⅳ vertical zone of Yulongshan plague foci showed the characteristics of lower flea species diversity and evenness index, higher dominance, highest total flea index and more concentrated distribution of epidemic spots, indicating that the area is endemic The core area should be used as a key area for plague surveillance and prevention.