AIM To study the morphology of the enteric nervous system and the expression of beta-2 adrenergic(B2A) receptors in primary colorectal cancer.METHODS In this study, we included forty-eight patients with primary colorectal cancer and nine patients for control tissue from the excision of a colonic segment for benign conditions. We determined the clinicopathological features and evaluated the immunohistochemical expression pattern of B2 A receptors as well as the morphological changes of the enteric nervous system(ENS). In order to assess statistical differences, we used the student t-test for comparing the means of two groups and one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni’s post hoc analysis for comparing the means of more than two groups. Correlations were assessed using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient.RESULTS B2 A receptors were significantly associated with tumor grading, tumor size, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis(P < 0.05), while there were no statistically significant associations with gender, CRC location and gross appearance(P > 0.05). We observed, on one hand, a decrease of the relative area for both Auerbach and Meissner plexuses with the increase of the tumor grading, and on the other hand, an increase of the relative area of other nervous elements not in the Meissner plexus or in the Auerbach plexus with the tumor grading. For G1 tumors we found that epithelial B2 A area showed an inverse correlation with the Auerbach plexus areas [r(14) =-0.531, P < 0.05], while for G2 tumors, epithelial B2 A areas showed an indirect variation with both the Auerbach plexus areas [r(14) =-0.453, P < 0.05] and the Meissner areas [r(14) =-0.825, P < 0.01]. For G3 tumors, the inverse dependence increased for both Auerbach [r(14) =-0.587, P < 0.05] and Meissner [r(14) =-0.934, P < 0.05] plexuses.CONCLUSION B2 A receptors play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis and can be utilized as prognostic factors. Furthermore, study of the ENS in colorectal cancer may lead to targeted molecular therapies. AIM To study the morphology of the enteric nervous system and the expression of beta-2 adrenergic (B2A) receptors in primary colorectal cancer. METHODS In this study, we included forty-eight patients with primary colorectal cancer and nine patients for control tissue from the excision of a colonic segment for benign conditions. We determined the clinicopathological features and evaluated the immunohistochemical expression pattern of B2 A receptors as well as the morphological changes of the enteric nervous system (ENS). In order to assess statistical differences, we used the student t-test for comparing the means of two Peerson’s correlation coefficient. RESULTS B2 A receptors were comparing associated with tumor grading, tumor size, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis (P <0.05), while there were no significant significant associations with gender, CRC location and gross appearance (P> 0.05). We observed, on one hand, a decrease of the relative area for both Auerbach and Meissner plexuses with the increase of the tumor grading, and on the other hand, an increase of the relative area of ​​other nervous elements not in the Meissner plexus or in the Auerbach plexus with the tumor grading. For G1 tumors we found that epithelial B2 A area showed an inverse correlation with the Auerbach plexus areas [r (14) = -0.531 , While for G2 tumors, epithelial B2 A areas showed an indirect variation with both the Auerbach plexus areas [r (14) = -0.453, P <0.05] and the Meissner areas [r (14) = -0.825 , P <0.01]. For G3 tumors, the inverse dependence increased for both Auerbach [r (14) = -0.587, P <0.05] and Meissner [r (14) = -0.934, receptors play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis and can be utilized as prognostic factors. Furthermore, study of the ENS in colorectal cancersr may lead to targeted molecular therapies.