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病毒侵入机体后,必须进入细胞内才能构成感染,故其发病机理在很大程度上取决于病毒和宿主细胞的相互作用。一般急性感染中病毒引起细胞病损或死亡,另一种方式是病毒感染引起细胞的持续感染状态,属于这类的是病毒在体内长期持续存在而不引起明显扰乱,称为“持续性感染”,如口唇部反复发作的单纯疱疹感染属潜伏性病毒感染;持续带病毒的乙型肝炎属慢性持续性病毒感染,另一些缓慢进行的病毒感染,病毒与细胞处于相对稳定的共生状态,在长期共生中,病毒引起的细胞功能紊乱必须经过长期累积才被察觉,从而构成缓进性病毒感染或慢病毒感染。这是病毒感染的一种特殊形式。
After the virus invades the body, it must enter the cell to form an infection, so the pathogenesis depends largely on the interaction between the virus and the host cell. In general, acute viral infections cause cell damage or death. Another way is that the virus infection causes the persistent infection of cells. In such cases, the virus persists in the body for a long time without causing significant disturbance and is called “persistent infection” , Such as repeated episodes of herpes labialis infection is a latent virus infection; persistent hepatitis B virus is a chronic persistent viral infection, and other slow virus infection, viruses and cells in a relatively stable symbiotic state in the long term In symbiosis, virus-induced cell dysfunction must be detected long after it has accumulated, thus constituting a progressive virus infection or a lentivirus infection. This is a special form of virus infection.