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针对市场经济条件下经济人与道德人之间的关系,早在斯密的《道德情操论》和《国富论》中已经尝试调解这种矛盾对立,关于人性之“同情心”和市场经济之“看不见的手”的论述为开辟经济人与道德人的统一性道路构造出理论雏形。经济人和道德人并不是两种独立的人,而是市场经济条件下经济主体所表现出来的两种不同的人性。尽管它的实际效果在资本主义市场经济条件下十分有限,但是不可否认它为社会主义市场经济条件下探索经济人与道德人之统一性出路提供了有益参考,并且在社会主义市场经济机制的总框架下真正能够实现经济人与道德人统一的可能性。客观地把握这两种人性,需要从斯密难题说起。
In view of the relationship between economic man and moral man under market economy, as early as Smith’s “Theory of Moral Sentiments” and “Wealth of Nations” have tried to reconcile this paradox with the “sympathy” of human nature and the market Economic “invisible hand” exposition to create a theoretical prototype for the unity of economic man and moral man. Economic people and moral people are not two independent people, but two different humanities shown by the economic subjects in the market economy. Although its actual effect is very limited under the conditions of capitalist market economy, it can not be denied that it provides a useful reference for exploring the way out for the unity of economic man and moral man under the conditions of socialist market economy. In addition, in the total market economy of socialism, Under the framework of the real economic and moral people to achieve the possibility of unity. To grasp these two kinds of humanity objectively, we must start with the Smith problem.