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目的研究探讨地方性氟中毒与老年性白内障患者发病间的相关性,以期为老年性白内障患者的防治提供参考。方法对本市2015年1月至2015年12月期间同一乡镇的地方性氟中毒病区和非病区人群进行大样本量的流行病学调查,观察比较在这一年内不同地区人群新患老年性白内障患者的发病率,同时对地方性氟中毒病区和非病区老年性白内障患者的晶体氟含量进行检测比较。紧接着在2016年1月至2016年12月对地方性氟中毒病区更换饮用水前后新增老年性白内障患者的发病率进行比较分析。结果 (1)对这一年中地方性氟中毒病区2871例患者进行调查,结果发现新增老年性白内障患者79例,发病率为2.75%,对3107例非地方性氟中毒病区人群进行调查,结果发现新增患有老年性白内障患者25例,患病率为0.81%,两组人群间新增白内障患者发病率差异显著(P<0.05),提示氟中毒患者更容易患上白内障。(2)地方性氟中毒病区79例老年性白内障患者经检查晶体氟含量为(1.28±0.23)mg/l,非病区25例老年性白内障患者晶体氟含量为(0.31±0.06)mg/l,提示氟中毒老年性白内障患者晶体氟含量显著高于非氟中毒老年性白内障患者(P<0.05);(3)氟中毒地区更换低氟饮用水后,老年性白内障患者的发病率显著降低(P<0.05),提示地方性氟中毒患者老年性白内障的发病与氟含量的高低密切相关。结论地方性氟中毒与老年性白内障患者间存在明显的相关性,氟中毒人群中出现老年性白内障的发病率较高,且晶体氟含量高于非病区老年行白内障患者,降低病区饮用水中的氟含量可减少老年性白内障患者的发病率,可为老年性白内障的防治提供参考。
Objective To study the relationship between endemic fluorosis and the incidence of senile cataract in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of senile cataract. Methods A large sample of endemic fluorosis and non-ward populations in the same township from January 2015 to December 2015 in our city was collected for epidemiological investigation. The incidence of senile The incidence of cataract patients, at the same time, endemic fluorosis and non-ward patients with senile cataract were detected fluoride content. Followed by a comparative analysis of the incidence of new age-related cataracts before and after the replacement of drinking water in endemic fluorosis areas from January 2016 to December 2016. Results (1) The survey of 2871 cases of endemic fluorosis in this year showed that 79 cases were newly diagnosed with senile cataract, the incidence rate was 2.75%. A total of 3107 cases of non-endemic fluorosis area were investigated The results showed that there were 25 new cases of senile cataract with a prevalence of 0.81%. There was a significant difference (P <0.05) in the incidence of cataract among the two groups, suggesting that patients with fluorosis were more likely to develop cataracts. (2) The content of fluorine in the lens of 79 senile cataract patients in endemic fluorosis area was (1.28 ± 0.23) mg / l, and that of 25 senile cataract patients in non-endemic area was (0.31 ± 0.06) mg / (P <0.05); (3) The incidence of senile cataract was significantly lower in patients with fluorosis after replacement of low-fluoride drinking water (P <0.05), suggesting that the incidence of cataract in patients with endemic fluorosis is closely related to the level of fluorine. Conclusions There is a significant correlation between endemic fluorosis and senile cataract patients. The incidence of senile cataract in fluorosis group is higher than that in non-ward aged patients, In the fluorine content can reduce the incidence of senile cataract patients may provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of senile cataract.