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马克思恩格斯人的需要理论认为,自然存在物、社会存在物和精神存在物是人的存在的三种基本形式,自然需要、社会需要和精神需要也就构成人的需要的三个基本结构。广义的文化由物质文化、制度文化和精神文化构成。马克思恩格斯人的需要理论内含着人的文化特性。劳动实践产生了物化形态的文化即文化的物质生活方面,也就是物质文化。社会交往中的道德、法律、经济关系、政治制度等规范,就是文化的社会生活方面,也就是制度文化。精神产品是人们根据自己的需要来构筑的自己的意识,是文化的精神生活方面,也就是精神文化。
Marx and Engels’ theory of human needs holds that the three basic forms of existence, the existence of society and the existence of spirit are human beings. The three basic structures of human needs are the natural needs, social needs and spiritual needs. The generalized culture consists of material culture, institutional culture and spiritual culture. Marx and Engels’ theory of human needs embodies human cultural characteristics. Labor practice has produced the materialized form of culture, that is, the material life of culture, that is, material culture. Social norms in the moral, legal, economic relations, political system and other social contacts, is the social life of culture, that is, institutional culture. Mental products are people’s own consciousness based on their own needs. They are the spiritual life of culture, that is, spiritual culture.