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肾对重金属的损害作用有特殊的敏感性。1860年已有人描述人和动物汞中毒时肾组织结构的变化。1952年后有关于工业接触氧化镉尘引起肾功能降低及职业性汞中毒引起蛋白尿的报告。目前对化学毒物引起职业性肾损害的问题已越来越受到重视。
Kidney damage to heavy metals have a special sensitivity. 1860 has been described in human and animal mercury poisoning changes in renal tissue structure. After 1952 there is a report on industrial exposure to cadmium dust caused by renal dysfunction and occupational mercury poisoning caused by proteinuria. At present, the problem of occupational kidney damage caused by chemical poisons has drawn more and more attention.