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梳理宪法委员会的判例,可以从法律形式上揭示法国式单一制的变迁。法国现行1958年宪法在制定时遵循了大革命以来的传统,强调共和国的单一性。单一制既是主权之不可分割性的必然结果,也是人民之单一性的制度形态,据此,国家是唯一的立法者,公民以可互换的身份平等适用同样的法律。经过55年的演变,法国式单一制逐渐承认了地方多样性。在地方组织日益多样化的同时,法律也日益地方化。地方多样性的承认使单一性原则焕然一新,它也反过来对单一制国家的永久性构成一种保障。法国已经在单一制与地方自治之间找到了一种宪法平衡。
Combining the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Commission can reveal the changes of the French unitary system from the legal form. The current 1958 Constitution of France follows the tradition since the Great Revolution in the formulation of the Constitution, emphasizing the unity of the republic. The unitary system is both an inevitable result of the indivisibility of sovereignty and a system of oneness of the people. Therefore, the state is the only legislator, and the citizens apply the same law equally and interchangeably. After 55 years of evolution, French monogamy has gradually recognized local diversity. While local organizations are increasingly diversified, the law is also increasingly localized. The recognition of local diversity made the principle of unity a new one, which in turn provided a guarantee for the permanent constitution of a unitary state. France has found a constitutional balance between monogony and local autonomy.