目的:评价早产儿出生时宫内生长受限(IUGR)和出院时宫外生长迟缓(EUGR)的发生情况。方法:以中山市博爱医院新生儿科2009年1月～2012年5月出生的早产儿为研究对象,分别以出生时、出院时生长发育指标在相应宫内生长速率期望值的第10百分位水平以下定义为IUGR、EUGR,分别计算各胎龄组及体重组IUGR、EUGR发生率及总的发生率,并计算各胎龄组及各体重组EUGR发生率比IUGR发生率增加的比例。结果:1 954例早产儿,IUGR与EUGR发生率以体重评价分别为10.64%和29.32%,以身长评价分别为10.18%和20.83%,以头围评价分别为5.63%和13.46%。其中极低出生体重儿占14.99%,发生体重、身长和头围EUGR者分别为51.54%,47.10%和29.69%。不同出生胎龄(<28周、28～32周、32～35周、≥35周)出院时EUGR发生率较出生时IUGR发生率变化的情况:以头围为指标的≤P10、≤P3和以身长为指标≤P3的EUGR较IUGR增加率呈倒“U”型趋势,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同出生体重组(<1 500 g、1 500～2 500 g、≥2 500 g)以体重、身长、头围为指标EUGR较IUGR的发生率增加的比例均随出生体重的降低而升高,各组以体重为指标,EUGR发生率分别增加25.60%、21.28%、1.55%;以身长为指标,EUGR发生率分别增加16.72%、11.43%、1.86%;以头围为指标,EUGR发生率分别增加10.92%、8.74%、1.24%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:早产儿IUGR发生率较高,出院时EUGR发生率较IUGR发生率增高,且出院时EUGR发生率较出生时IUGR发生率的增加随出生体重的降低而升高。 PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) at birth and the extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) at discharge in preterm infants. Methods: The preterm infants born from January 2009 to May 2012 in Bo’ai Hospital of Zhongshan City were studied. The indexes of growth and development at birth and discharge were respectively calculated at the 10th percentile of the expected intrauterine growth rate The following definitions were defined as IUGR and EUGR. The incidences of IUGR and EUGR in each gestational age group and body weight group and the overall incidence were calculated, and the incidence of EUGR was higher than that of IUGR in each gestational age group and each group. Results: The prevalence rates of IUGR and EUGR in 1 954 premature infants were 10.64% and 29.32% respectively, with body length of 10.18% and 20.83%, respectively, and the head circumference was 5.63% and 13.46% respectively. Among them, very low birth weight accounted for 14.99%, weight, length and head circumference of EUGR were 51.54%, 47.10% and 29.69% respectively. The difference in the incidence of EUGR at birth from birth at birth at different gestational ages (<28 weeks, 28-32 weeks, 32-35 weeks, ≥35 weeks) was significantly related to the incidence of IUGR at birth: ≤10, ≤3 and The growth rate of EUGR in EUGR with the length of ≤3 was higher than that of IUGR, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). The proportion of EUGR to IUGR in different birth weight groups (<1 500 g, 1 500 ~ 2 500 g, ≥2 500 g) increased with the decrease of birth weight with weight, length and head circumference as indexes. The incidence of EUGR increased by 25.60%, 21.28% and 1.55%, respectively, in each group with body weight. The incidence of EUGR increased by 16.72%, 11.43% and 1.86% respectively with the body length as the index. The incidence of EUGR was Increased by 10.92%, 8.74%, 1.24%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.001). Conclusion: The incidence of IUGR in preterm infants is higher than that of IUGR at discharge. The incidence of EUGR at discharge is higher than that at birth.