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明确高产广适性与肥料高效利用相关性状的遗传特性对培育优良新品种具有重要意义。本研究以京411及其衍生后代共15个品种(系)为材料,在4个正常施肥和1个常年不施肥环境下研究品种(系)的产量构成因素和生理性状,结合90K SNP芯片,解析骨干亲本携带的产量和生理性状等位基因信息,探讨优异基因对高产品种的贡献。结果表明,正常施肥环境下,京411衍生后代的产量和收获指数均随世代增加呈逐渐上升趋势,其中收获指数增加较为显著(P<0.05)。冠层温度对籽粒产量有重要贡献(P<0.05),而叶面积指数和光合速率对收获指数有显著贡献(P<0.05)。两种施肥条件下中麦175具有较高且稳定的产量和生物学产量,主要与其较高的肥料吸收效率有关。控制产量和生理性状的遗传区段主要分布在A和B基因组上,2B、3A和5A染色体分别携带控制穗粒数、叶面积指数和光合速率的位点。京411携带31个对产量和生理性状为正向效应的等位基因,衍生品种CA0958和中麦175携带的正向效应区段最多,分别占正向效应位点总数的53.85%和51.35%。中麦175的高产潜力和广适应性可能与其携带较多有利等位基因有关。
It is important to identify the genetic characteristics of traits related to high yield and good adaptability and efficient fertilizer use to cultivate fine new varieties. In this study, 15 varieties (lines) of Jing 411 and its derived offspring were used as materials to study the yield components and physiological traits of varieties (lines) under 4 normal fertilization and 1 perennial non-fertilization environments. Combining the 90K SNP chip, Analyze the alleles of yield and physiological traits carried by the backbone parents and discuss the contribution of the excellent genes to high yielding varieties. The results showed that under normal fertilization conditions, the yield and harvest index of Jing 411 derived progeny increased gradually with the increase of generations, and the increase of harvest index was more significant (P <0.05). Canopy temperature had an important contribution to grain yield (P <0.05), while leaf area index and photosynthetic rate significantly contributed to the harvest index (P <0.05). Under the two fertilization conditions, Zhongmai 175 had higher and stable yield and biological yield, mainly related to its higher fertilizer absorption efficiency. The genetic segments controlling yield and physiological traits are mainly distributed on the A and B genomes, with chromosomes 2B, 3A and 5A carrying sites controlling grain number per spike, leaf area index and photosynthetic rate, respectively. Jing 411 carried 31 alleles with positive effect on yield and physiological traits. Derived varieties CA0958 and Zhongmai 175 had the most positive forward segments, accounting for 53.85% and 51.35% of the total number of positive effect loci, respectively. Zhongmai 175’s high yield potential and wide adaptability may be related to its carrying more favorable alleles.