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公共利益是城市规划的中心议题,是政府干预土地使用的依据。然而,如何界定公共利益一直是学界争论的焦点。本文从美国司法审查的判例中探讨城市规划中的公共利益。从美国的司法案例上看,私有产权保护不是绝对的,并且公共利益的概念也是扩展性的。公共利益是在特定社会场景中经过审慎的综合考量的比较利益。这种审慎的综合考量的逻辑包含了公共目的、正当程序和利益衡量。一个经过审慎考量的公平、公正的城市规划本身就是公共利益。
Public interest is the central issue of urban planning and the basis for government intervention in land use. However, how to define the public interest has always been the focus of academic debate. This article explores the public interest in urban planning from the jurisprudence of U.S. judicial review. Judging from the judicial cases in the United States, the protection of private property rights is not absolute, and the concept of public interest is also expansive. Public interest is the comparative advantage of careful and comprehensive consideration in particular social settings. The logic of this cautious and comprehensive consideration includes public purposes, due process and measurement of interest. A well-considered fair and just urban planning is itself a public interest.