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目的:研究苍耳草的化学成分及其抑菌活性。方法:采用大孔吸附树脂、Sephadex LH-20和ODS等柱色谱技术分离化合物,运用NMR、MS等波谱法鉴定化合物的结构,通过抑菌实验考察其抗菌活性。结果:从苍耳草中分离得到15个酚类化合物,分别鉴定为:绿原酸(1)、1-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸(2)、4-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸(3)、5-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸(4)、1,4-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸(5)、1,3-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸(6)、1,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸(7)、4,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸(8)、3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸(9)、阿魏酸(10)、咖啡酸(11)、槲皮素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(12)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(13)、槲皮素-3’-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(14)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(15)。结论:其中,化合物2、12~15为首次从该植物中分离得到。抑菌实验表明,苍耳草中的咖啡酰基化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌(Ⅰ)、大肠杆菌副氏痢疾杆菌(Ⅱ)、绿脓杆菌(Ⅲ)、志贺氏痢疾杆菌(Ⅳ)有良好的抑制作用。
Objective: To study the chemical constituents and antibacterial activities of Kom. Methods: Compounds were isolated by macroporous adsorption resin, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS column chromatography. The structures of compounds were identified by NMR, MS and other spectroscopic methods. The antibacterial activities of the compounds were investigated by antibacterial activity test. Results: Fifteen phenolic compounds were isolated from the genus Xanthium and identified as chlorogenic acid (1), 1-O-caffeoylquinic acid (2), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid ), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4), 1,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (5), 1,3-O- (7), 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (8), 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (9), ferulic acid (11), quercetin -7-O-β-D-glucoside (12), quercetin -3-O-β-D-glucoside (13), quercetin- -O-β-D-glucoside (14), and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (15). Conclusion: Among them, compounds 2,12 ~ 15 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Bacteriostasis experiments showed that the caffeoyl compounds in the genus Xanthium had a good effect on Staphylococcus aureus (Ⅰ), Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae (Ⅱ), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ⅲ) and Shigella dysenteriae (Ⅳ) Inhibition.