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目的了解福州市工业企业常用9种金属毒物危害现状,为有效开展金属毒物职业病危害防治工作提供科学依据。方法 2013年4~11月,使用自制的企业职业卫生调查表,对福州市28家工业企业使用金属毒物的情况和控制措施实施情况进行问卷调查,并对作业场所空气中金属毒物浓度进行检测分析。结果被检测分析的9种金属毒物中,浓度高于国家职业接触限值的有铅、锰、汞、铬和镍;金属毒物使用行业超标情况涉及蓄电池、汽车、荧光灯、工艺品、电子和电机企业;金属毒物接触岗位超标的为熔铅、焊接、注汞和电镀4类。大型企业职业病危害预防措施较完善,中小企业预防措施较薄弱,常见问题为通风排毒设施不全、个人防护用品发放不足、工作场所布局不合理和不重视作业工人职业健康检查。结论福州市使用金属毒物的企业行业分布广,涉及岗位多,金属毒物使用种类多;应加强对重点行业(如蓄电池、汽车企业等)、重点接触岗位(如熔铅、焊接等)金属毒物危害的预防控制,并加强中小企业通风排毒、工艺改革等职业病危害预防措施建设。
Objective To understand the status quo of 9 kinds of metal poison commonly used by industrial enterprises in Fuzhou and provide a scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of occupational hazards caused by metal poison. Methods From April to November 2013, a self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the use of metal poison and the control measures in 28 industrial enterprises in Fuzhou. The metal poison concentration in the air of the workplace was tested and analyzed . Results Among the nine metal toxicants tested and analyzed, the concentrations of lead, manganese, mercury, chromium and nickel were higher than those of the national occupational exposure limits. The industrial use of metal toxicants exceeded the standard involving batteries, automobiles, fluorescent lamps, handicrafts, electronics and electrical machinery enterprises ; Metal poisoning posts exceeded the standard for lead melting, welding, mercury and electroplating category 4. The prevention of occupational hazards in large-scale enterprises is relatively complete. The precautionary measures for SMEs are relatively weak. The common problems are inadequate ventilation and detoxification facilities, inadequate distribution of personal protective equipment, unreasonable layout of workplaces, and neglect of professional occupational health examinations for workers. Conclusion Fuzhou City, the use of metal toxins industries are widely distributed, involving many jobs, the use of many types of metal poisoning; should strengthen the key industries (such as batteries, automobile companies, etc.), focusing on post exposure (such as lead, welding, etc.) Prevention and control, and strengthen SME ventilation detoxification, process reform and other occupational hazards prevention measures.