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以康德道德哲学为着眼点,我们可以把儒家伦理划分为两个组成部分,即作为调节性原理的儒家伦理与作为构成性原理的儒家伦理。前者建基在人性的基础上,体现为人之为人的本真存在,是一种自我教育,即儒家所说的成德之教。后者建基在人的社会存在的基础上,体现为包括家庭、国家在内的一种社会秩序的安排。两种原理相互依存,其间存在一种内在的张力。通过这种分疏,可有效地回应关于儒家伦理的普适性与特殊性的争论。
Focusing on Kant’s moral philosophy, we can divide Confucian ethics into two components: Confucian ethics as a regulatory principle and Confucian ethics as a constitutive principle. The former builds on the basis of human nature and embodies the true existence of man as human beings. It is a kind of self-education, that is, Confucianism teaches the teaching of virtue. The latter builds on the basis of human social existence and embodies a social order arrangement including family and nation. The two principles are interdependent and there is an inherent tension between them. Through this separation, we can effectively respond to the debate about the universality and particularity of Confucian ethics.