伴随明末清初及晚清第一波、第二波“西学东渐”的浪潮,西方的科学文化开始导入中国。在特定的历史条件下,欧美来华传教士成为沟通中西方文化、导入西方文化的主要媒介。“乾隆朝,北京有着南堂、东堂、北堂、西堂4所天主堂,居住在南堂、东堂的是葡萄牙系统的 With the tide of the first wave and the second wave of “learning from west to east” in the late Ming and early Qing and late Qing dynasties, Western science and culture began to be introduced into China. Under certain historical conditions, missionaries from Europe and the United States have become the main media for the communication between Chinese and Western cultures and the introduction of Western culture. "Qianlong Dynasty, Beijing has a South Hall, East Hall, North Hall, West Hall 4 Catholic Church, living in the South Hall, East Hall is the Portuguese system