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中国装备制造业价值链地位向更高层级攀升是实现“十三五”规划目标和“中国制造2025”目标的重要内容之一。本文采用UN comtrade数据库对中国装备制造业七个子行业的出口复杂度进行测算发现,中国装备制造业各行业出口复杂度在2001—2014年间整体呈上升趋势,但是专用设备制造业,计算机、通信及其他电子设备制造业出口复杂度水平呈现下降;基于成本发现模型的理论分析发现,要素禀赋、技术水平、外商直接投资、制度因素、进口成为中国装备制造业价值链地位的影响因素;实证分析结果表明,物质资本密度、人力资本、技术水平、进口均对中国装备制造业价值链地位具有显著正向影响,外商直接投资对中国装备制造业价值链地位具有负向显著影响,政府支持度在其中作用不显著。基于上述分析结果,本文提出的对策建议是:通过“双轨制”教育,提升人力资本质量;增加对民营企业的研发资金支持,提高企业研发效率;加强与外资企业的合作,发挥FDI的积极效应,从根本上提高中国装备制造业的全球价值链地位。
The rise in the value chain of China’s equipment manufacturing industry to a higher level is one of the important contents of achieving the goals of the 13th Five-Year Plan and the goal of “Made in China 2025”. This article uses UN comtrade database to measure the export complexity of the seven sub-sectors of China’s equipment manufacturing industry and finds that the export complexity of various industries in China’s equipment manufacturing industry has been on the rise from 2001 to 2014 as a whole, but the special equipment manufacturing industry, computers, communications and The level of export complexity of other electronic equipment manufacturing industries is declining. Based on the theoretical analysis of the cost discovery model, it is found that factor endowments, technology levels, foreign direct investment, institutional factors, and imports have become influential factors in the status of China’s equipment manufacturing value chain; empirical analysis results It shows that the material capital density, human capital, technical level, and imports all have a significant positive impact on the status of China’s equipment manufacturing value chain. Foreign direct investment has a significant negative impact on the status of the value chain of China’s equipment manufacturing industry. Government support is among them. The effect is not significant. Based on the above analysis results, the proposed countermeasures in this paper are: to improve the quality of human capital through the “dual track system” education; to increase the support for R&D funds for private enterprises and to increase the efficiency of corporate research and development; to strengthen the cooperation with foreign-funded enterprises to play an active role in FDI. The effect will fundamentally improve China’s equipment manufacturing industry’s global value chain status.