从光利用效率看甘蔗品种的高产性 一、甘蔗品种群体吸光系数与产量构成

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1、本试验对甘蔗品种群体的产量构成因素、吸光系数(K)(译注,即消光系数。下同)进行了研究,产量构成因素和吸光系数在品种方面具有显著性差异。2、K和叶面积指数(LAI)之间为负相关关系。这就是说,K值越小,LAI越大。3、K和枯死叶重/青叶重之比间有正相关关系(r=0.7031~*),K值越小下层叶对光能的利用越好。这一结果说明,下层的枯叶不多。从以上可知K作为光从甘蔗群体内部的透性指标具有重要的意义。4、从K和叶的展开角度以及和叶宽之间的相关系数(r=0.6415和r=0.6546)可以看出有相关关系,这同时表现出K和叶型的关系。从对冲绳地区甘蔗品种的高产性与产量构成的诸因素的分析结果,可以看出,高产性的品种“茎重型”比“茎数型”多,由于在产量构成因素方面表现出的极显著的负相关,所以,单纯使茎数增多是困难的,而欲使茎数和一茎重同时增加则是更加困难。实际上,在甘蔗育种的实践中不少情况是:如果茎数增加一茎重就减少;反之,如果一茎重增加则茎数减少。产量到了一定的程度就很难增加,这是由于构成产量的诸因素变化的结果.然而,甘蔗品种的高产性,从其构成单位产量的诸要素的性状和质量进行分析,是因为性状和质量间有显著负相关,从而为进行探讨增加了困难。要想获得甘蔗的高产品种,就必须打破这种产量和质量之间的负相关关系。门司、佐伯在关于植物群落诸问题中指出:应该对所谓作为植物的生物产量的基础进行研究和考虑,为了了解植物的生产构成要素,采用“分层割取法”。在水稻方面,作为对于在限制因子的条件下群落状态对光能的利用效率与物质生产的重要性进行了很多的研究。林氏认为在水稻品种方面吸光系数(K)在光利用效率上具有极其重要的意义。在水稻品种的叶型方面,吸光系数是判断水稻品种光利用效率的有效的方法。另外,K还可以用于水稻品种对于太阳能利用效率的研究。笔者以上述见解为基础,在甘蔗品种群体的生长初期进行了产量构成的调查研究,对门司、佐伯提出的公式在甘蔗品种群体内、群体的吸光系数的适用性进行探讨。 In this experiment, the yield components, the extinction coefficient (K) of the sugarcane variety population were studied, and the yield components and the extinction coefficient were significantly different in varieties. 2, K and leaf area index (LAI) between the negative correlation. This means that the smaller the K value, the larger the LAI. 3, there was a positive correlation between K and the weight of dead leaves / weight ratio of green leaves (r = 0.7031 ~ *). The smaller the value of K, the better utilization of light energy by lower leaves. This result shows that there are not many dead leaves in the lower levels. It can be seen from the above that K as an indicator of light permeability inside the sugar cane population is of great importance. 4. From K and leaf expansion angle and correlation coefficient with leaf width (r = 0.6415 and r = 0.6546), it can be seen that there is a correlation between K and leaf type. From the analysis of the factors that make up the yield and yield of sugarcane varieties in Okinawa region, it can be seen that the more productive varieties “stem heavy” is more than the “stem number”, due to the factors of yield components Therefore, simply increasing the number of stems is difficult, and it is more difficult to increase the number of stems and the weight of a stem at the same time. In fact, in the practice of sugarcane breeding, there are many cases where the weight of a stem decreases if the number of stems is increased; on the contrary, the number of stems decreases if the weight of a stem is increased. However, the high productivity of sugarcane varieties, based on the traits and quality of the elements that make up the unit yield, is due to traits and quality There was a significant negative correlation between them, which made it more difficult to explore. To get high-yielding varieties of sugar cane, it is necessary to break the negative correlation between yield and quality. In his questions on the plant community, Meribah and Saiki pointed out that the basis for the so-called biological production of plants should be studied and considered. To understand the production elements of plants, the “stratified harvesting method” is used. In rice, much research has been done as to the importance of community status to the utilization efficiency of light energy and material production under limiting conditions. Lin believes that the extinction coefficient (K) in rice varieties is extremely important for light use efficiency. In the leaves of rice varieties, extinction coefficient is an effective method to determine the light utilization efficiency of rice varieties. In addition, K can also be used for rice varieties for solar energy efficiency studies. Based on the above findings, the author conducted a survey on the composition of the output of sugarcane varieties in the early stage of growth, and discussed the suitability of the formula for the extinction coefficient of sugarcane varieties in the sugarcane variety population.
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