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目的了解北京市顺义区社区居民吸烟现状。方法采用按人口规模大小成比例的概率抽样方法(PPS)抽取顺义区18-79岁常住居民3 840人,去除数据缺失人群后为3 815人,其中男性1 707人,女性2 108人。采用自行设计的调查问卷对调查对象进行面对面问卷调查。结果调查对象总体吸烟率为33.9%,其中男性和女性的吸烟率分别为72.8%和2.5%,性别之间的吸烟率差异有统计学意义(χ2=2 081.944,P<0.01);男性吸烟率以50-59岁年龄组最高,为78.8%;女性吸烟率以70~79岁年龄组吸烟率最高,为10.1%,且吸烟率在各年龄组间分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.057,P<0.05)。现在仍在吸烟居民的总体吸烟率为26.3%,男性为56.7%,女性为1.7%;半数以上吸烟人群每天吸烟量超过10支;顺义区居民18岁之前开始吸烟的占27.2%,吸烟人群中有超过半数的居民在18-29岁之间开始吸烟;顺义区居民戒烟率为22.5%(291/1 295),成功戒烟率为15.4%(199/1 295),有36.5%(473/1 295)的人不想戒烟。结论顺义区社区居民男性吸烟率高于全国男性吸烟率水平,年龄在18~29岁之间的人群是吸烟行为的高危时期,控烟工作需要建立长效宣传机制,广泛地宣传科学的戒烟方法,通过长期宣传教育起到控烟的作用。
Objective To understand the smoking status of community residents in Shunyi District, Beijing. Methods Probability sampling method (PPS) proportional to the size of the population was used to sample 3 840 residents of 18-79 years of age in Shunyi District and 3 815 of those with missing data, including 1 707 men and 2 108 women. Self-designed questionnaires were used to conduct face-to-face questionnaire surveys. Results The overall smoking rate of the surveyed subjects was 33.9%. Among them, the smoking rates of males and females were 72.8% and 2.5% respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the smoking rate between males and females (χ2=2 081.944, P<0.01). The highest age was in the 50-59 age group, which was 78.8%; the smoking rate was the highest in women aged 70-79 years old, which was 10.1%, and the difference in smoking rates among the age groups was statistically significant (χ2=16.057, P<0.05). The total smoking rate among the residents who are still smokers is 26.3%, 56.7% for men and 1.7% for women; more than half of the smoking population smokes more than 10 cigarettes per day; 27.2% of smokers in the district of Shunyi began smoking before the age of 18, smoking population More than half of the residents started smoking between 18-29 years old; smoking cessation rates in Shunyi District residents were 22.5% (291/1295), 15.4% (199/1295) successful quit rates, and 36.5% (473/1) 295) people do not want to quit smoking. Conclusion The male smoking rate in the community residents of Shunyi district is higher than that of the national male smoking rate. The population aged between 18 and 29 is a high-risk period of smoking behavior. The tobacco control work needs to establish a long-term propaganda mechanism and publicize scientific smoking cessation methods. Through long-term propaganda and education to play a role in tobacco control.