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抗体依赖的增强作用（ADE）是指某些病毒特异性抗体（一般多为非中和抗体）与病毒结合后，通过其Fc段与某些表面表达FcR的细胞结合从而介导病毒内吞和复制，增强病毒感染的过程。本文概述了ADE在呼吸道合胞病毒、登革病毒、流感病毒等几种传染性疾病中的相关研究发现，借鉴ADE在几种病毒传染性疾病中发生的情况，探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎发生ADE的可能性及其作用机制，期望为新型冠状病毒肺炎发病机制、重症治疗和疫苗研发提供一些见解。“,”Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) refers to the process in which some virus-specific antibodies (generally non-neutralizing antibodies) bind to the virus and bind to some cells expressing FcR on the surface through their Fc segment, thereby mediating the endocytosis and replication of the virus and enhancing the infection of the virus. This review summarized experience of ADE in respiratory syncytial virus, dengue virus, influenza virus infection and explored the possible mechanism of COVID-19 high incidence and severity of the disease, which implied challenges in the process of vaccine development and provided some insights for COVID-19 pathogenesis.