第一次世界大战结束后,德国文学有过类似中国当代文学的发展。1945年后,德国文学同样出现过“零点”。作家和批评家曾有过这样的感觉,即不得不度过一段空白时期。漫长的十二年(1933—1945),文学受到控制,优秀的作家被迫流亡异邦(托马斯·曼、阿尔弗雷特·德布林、拜尔托尔特·布莱希特等等)。为了夺回那段时期失去的一切,战后初期,人们首先把希望寄托在美国文学上,寄托在海明威、福克纳身上,甚至连乔伊斯也得到“追认”。还有卡 After the First World War, German literature had been similar to the development of Chinese contemporary literature. After 1945, German literature also appeared “zero point.” Writers and critics have had the feeling that they had to spend some blank time. Over a long span of twelve years (1933-1945), literature was under control and outstanding writers were forced to exile (Thomas Mann, Alfred Deblien, Bertolt Brecht, etc.). In order to regain all that was lost during that period, in the early postwar period, people first pin their hopes on American literature, on Hemingway and Faulkner, and even Joyce was “ratified.” There are cards