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由于人类活动造成大量温室效应气体(CO_2等)逸入大气层,加速全球气候变暖的趋势,带来一系列环境、健康及社会问题,已受到全球普遍关注。全球从1900年以来,地表温度平均增加0.6℃,到2030年地球温度将再上升1~3℃,平均雨量估计增加7~15%,南纬45°至北纬45°地区气温变暖将伴随降雨量增加,而另一些地区(如北非和我国华北地区)降雨量将减少~[1]。另外,全球气候变暖促使厄尔尼诺现象更为显著,近十年厄尔尼诺现象发生更为频繁、持续时间更长,对生态系统以及人类的健康产生不可忽视的影响。早在1990年,联合国气象变化专家委员会(IPCC)预测全球变暖引起的降雨格局和温度变化可能影响虫媒传染病和病毒性疾病的传播模式。
Due to human activities causing a large amount of greenhouse gases (CO 2, etc.) to escape into the atmosphere and accelerating the global warming trend, a series of environmental, health and social problems have been attracting worldwide attention. Globally, since 1900, the surface temperature has increased by an average of 0.6 ℃. Earth’s temperature will rise by 1 ~ 3 ℃ by 2030 and its average rainfall will increase by 7-15%. From 45 ° S to 45 ° N, warming will be accompanied by rainfall The amount of rainfall will decrease in some areas (such as North Africa and North China) [1]. In addition, global warming has contributed to the El Nino phenomenon more pronounced. The El Niño phenomenon has been occurring more frequently in the past decade and has a longer duration, which can have a negligible impact on ecosystems and human health. As early as 1990, the United Nations Committee of Experts on Climate Change (IPCC) predicted that the pattern of rainfall and temperature changes caused by global warming may affect the modes of transmission of vector-borne diseases and viral diseases.