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目的了解广州市春季小学教学环境空气PM2.5情况。方法根据广州市城市不同功能分区,在黄埔区(工业区)、越秀区(商住区)和南沙区(郊区)按整群分层抽样原则各抽取5所小学,2013年4—5月对15所学校进行PM2.5监测。采样时间为学生在校学习时段(上午8时至12时,下午2时至4时),采样频次为每月1次,每次7 d,每所学校设4个采样点,检测方法为环境空气PM2.5的测定重量法(HJ 618—2011),评价标准参考环境空气质量标准GB 3095—2012。结果黄埔区、越秀区、南沙区教学环境的PM2.5日均浓度均值分别为63.79μg/m3(范围为48.15～80.26μg/m3)、66.98μg/m3(48.60～93.85μg/m3)和29.91μg/m3(25.99～35.51μg/m3),3个区之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中黄埔区、越秀区的日均浓度均值分别高于南沙区(均P<0.01)。黄埔区、越秀区、南沙区的教学环境分别有12、10、14 d的PM2.5浓度达到二级标准(≤75μg/m3),其中南沙区有13 d的PM2.5浓度达到一级标准(≤35μg/m3);黄埔区、越秀区分别有2、4 d的PM2.5浓度仅达到三级标准(>75μg/m3);3个区之间空气质量等级的构成差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论黄埔区和越秀区小学教学环境PM2.5日均浓度均值均超出一级标准,未全部达到二级标准,表明黄埔区和越秀区的空气污染较为严重,需要加大环保措施。
Objective To understand the situation of air PM2.5 in spring primary school in Guangzhou. Methods According to the different functional zoning in Guangzhou city, five primary schools were selected according to the stratified cluster sampling principle in Huangpu District (Industrial Zone), Yuexiu District (commercial district) and Nansha District (suburb). From April to May 2013, Fifteen schools conducted PM2.5 monitoring. The sampling time is for students to study in school (8:00 am to 12:00 pm and 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm). The sampling frequency is once a month for 7 days, and each school has 4 sampling points. The detection method is environment Determination of air PM2.5 Gravimetric method (HJ 618-2011), the evaluation criteria refer to ambient air quality standards GB 3095-2012. Results The average daily PM2.5 concentrations in the teaching environment of Huangpu District, Yuexiu District and Nansha District were 63.79μg / m3 (range 48.15-80.26μg / m3), 66.98μg / m3 (48.60-93.85μg / m3) and 29.91 μg / m3 (25.99-35.51μg / m3), the difference between the three regions was statistically significant (P <0.01), and the average daily mean concentrations in Huangpu District and Yuexiu District were higher than those in Nansha District (P <0.01) . The PM 2.5 concentration in Huangpu District, Yuexiu District and Nansha District reached 12th, 14th and 14th PMD respectively (≤75μg / m3), and PM2.5 concentration in Nansha District reached 13th grade (≤35μg / m3). The concentrations of PM2.5 in Huangpu District and Yuexiu District reached the Grade 3 standard (> 75μg / m3) after 2,4 and 4 days respectively. The differences of air quality among the three districts were statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion The PM2.5 daily average concentration of primary school teaching environment in Huangpu District and Yuexiu District exceeded the standard one by one. All of them did not meet the secondary standard, indicating that the air pollution in Huangpu District and Yuexiu District was more serious and environmental protection measures should be stepped up.