目的了解四川和贵州省贫困地区儿童土源性线虫感染情况及其主要影响因素,为制定土源性线虫病防治策略提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样,选择贵州和四川两省6个贫困县的95个行政村及46所小学为调查点,每个样本村各选择11名3~5岁学龄前儿童及8~10岁就读于样本学校的儿童作为调查对象,收集其粪便,采用改良加藤厚涂片法进行检查。同时对各村村医和村干部进行问卷调查,了解该村2009年儿童驱虫情况及社会经济和卫生状况;采用Tobit估计多元统计方法分析儿童土源性线虫感染的影响因素。结果两省共粪检1 707名儿童,贵州省样本村儿童土源性线虫感染率为46.1%,蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫感染率分别为31.1%、4.1%、10.8%;四川省样本村儿童土源性线虫感染率为9.8%,上述3种寄生虫感染率分别为3.6%、3.5%、2.7%。两省共粪检890名学龄儿童,贵州省样本学校儿童土源性线虫和蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫感染率分别为53.8%、32.7%、6.6%、14.4%,四川省分别为7.3%、2.2%、2.9%、2.2%。Tobit估计分析显示,儿童驱虫治疗和村水田比例是儿童土源性线虫感染的影响因素(P均<0.05)。结论我国西南贫困地区儿童土源性线虫感染率仍然较高。为有效降低贫困地区儿童的土源性线虫感染率,除构建长效驱虫工作机制和采取改水、改厕等措施外,还应加强健康教育,并将驱虫防治纳入新型农村合作医疗体系。 Objective To understand the prevalence of soil-borne nematode infection in children living in poverty-stricken areas in Sichuan and Guizhou Provinces and its main influencing factors, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of earth-borne nematode diseases. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select 95 administrative villages and 46 primary schools in 6 impoverished counties in Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces as survey sites, 11 preschool children aged 3 to 5 and 8 to 10 years old Children enrolled in the sample school were surveyed to collect their stool and examined using the modified Kato thick smear method. At the same time, village and village cadres conducted a questionnaire survey to understand the village of deworming in children in 2009 and socio-economic and health status; Tobit estimated multivariate statistical analysis of children affected by soil-borne nematode infection. Results A total of 1 707 children were screened in the two provinces. The infection rate of soil-borne nematodes in sample villages was 46.1% in Guizhou Province. The infection rates of roundworm, hookworm and whipworm were 31.1%, 4.1% and 10.8% respectively. The infection rate of soil-borne nematodes was 9.8%, and the infection rates of the above three kinds of parasites were 3.6%, 3.5% and 2.7% respectively. In the two provinces, 890 school-age children were scavenged. The infection rates of earthworm, roundworm, hookworm and whipworm in children in Guizhou Province were 53.8%, 32.7%, 6.6% and 14.4% respectively, while those in Sichuan Province were 7.3% and 2.2 %, 2.9%, 2.2%. Tobit estimation analysis showed that children deworming treatment and village paddy field ratio were the influencing factors of children’s soil-borne nematode infection (all P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of soil-borne nematodes in children in southwest China’s poor areas is still high. In order to effectively reduce the incidence of soil-borne nematodes among children living in poverty-stricken areas, in addition to establishing a long-term deworming working mechanism and adopting such measures as water diversion and toileting, health education should also be strengthened and deworming prevention and control included in the new rural cooperative medical system .