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(一)19世纪末,随着家庭传统手工业的衰败和改组,近代机器工业开始出现并逐步发展起来。1895年,湖南诞生首家机器工厂宝善成机器制造局。早期的湖南近代机器工业,按企业性质分,有“官办”、“官督商办”和“官商合办”三类;按门类分,有矿业、机电工业、轻纺工业、化学工业。采矿和金属冶炼是湖南最古老的原始手工业之一。清光绪二十一年九月(1895年10月),湖南巡抚陈宝箴到任后,实施工业发展的第一项措施就是开矿,奏请开设了官矿机构——湖南矿务总局。矿务总局会同地方官员一起维持全省矿务。此时,全省各地也陆续开办了一些小矿,包括民营在
(I) In the late 19th century, with the decline and restructuring of traditional handicrafts in the family, the modern machinery industry began to emerge and gradually developed. In 1895, the first machine factory in Hunan was born Bao Shancheng Machine Building Bureau. Early Hunan modern machinery industry, according to the nature of the enterprise, there are “government-run ”, “government officials do business ” and “officials and businessmen jointly ” three categories; by category, mining, mechanical and electrical industry, textile Industrial, chemical industry. Mining and metal smelting is one of the oldest primitive handicrafts in Hunan. In the 21st year of the Guangxu reign (October 1895), after Hunan governor Chen Baozhen took office, the first measure of industrial development was to open up mines and invited the establishment of the official bureau of mineral resources, the Hunan General Administration of Mines. The General Administration of Mines will work with local officials to maintain the province’s mining. At this time, some small mines have also been opened in various parts of the province, including private businesses